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Issue 348: Research of interactions between biological systems and engineered nanomaterials is increasingly important in medicine discovery and development, particularly in the cancer treatments. However, the complex, multiscale nature of cancer poses major challenges for effective nanotherapeutic design. This study employs a multicellular agent-based model to investigate the interactions between drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs), cells, and tissues, capturing NP internalization, intracellular drug release, NP inheritance during cell division, and pharmacodynamic responses. The simulations reveal that inheritable NPs can enhance the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy, while moderate cytostatic dosing may also suppress tumor growth when cell division is only partially inhibited. These findings highlight the potential of heritable nanoparticle delivery to achieve more sustained and effective cancer treatment outcomes. (See here for a cloud interface tool).