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Created by: Haifeng Zhang, Chenghang Li
Issue 357: This study develops a virtual computational model of breast cancer to simulate the complex dynamics between tumors and the immune system. The model incorporates key cellular components and reveals that immune control of tumors depends on the balance between CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells. Effective infiltration by CD8+ T cells is crucial for killing cancer cells, while an overabundance of Tregs leads to immune escape. Analysis shows the system can exhibit bistability. This means high-tumor and low-tumor states can coexist in the same patient, explaining diverse clinical outcomes. Furthermore, an adaptive CD8+ T cell injection protocol was designed using this model. Numerical simulations confirm this personalized strategy achieves superior tumor reduction compared to constant dosing, even with the same total dose. This work provides a theoretical foundation and a novel path for developing precision immunotherapy.