Mathematical Oncology

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Ryan Schenck May 01, 2023

The polyclonal path towards malignant transformation in familial adenomatous polyposis

Abstract

The adenomatous polyposis coli gene (APC) is one of the earliest driver mutations observed in sporadic cancer. Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis disease (FAP) possess a germline APC mutation at birth leading to hundreds of colonic polyps and eventually a 100% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer. These patients often undergo a total colectomy once their polyp burden is unmanageable; as such, these resected colons are a rich source of histologically normal mucosa, benign, dysplastic, and, on rare occasions, adenocarcinomas. As part of the precancer atlas initiatives we performed whole genome/exome sequencing on 127 independent samples across these different stages of pre-malignant tissue spanning all colon regions from six patients. We characterize the early events driving colorectal cancer development and malignant progression, comparing our findings with existing single polyp multi-region studies of sporadic colorectal cancer and FAP samples. We reveal that spatially separated polyps from the same patient harbor numerous subclonal mutations in common, but evolve independently, consistent with a model of polyclonal origin.