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Issue 221: In our recent paper, we experimentally measured the frequency-dependent interactions between a gefitinib-resistant non–small cell lung cancer population and its sensitive ancestor via the evolutionary game assay. We showed that cost of resistance is insufficient to accurately predict competitive exclusion and that frequency-dependent growth rate measurements are required. Furthermore, using simulations, we demonstrated that incorporating ecological growth effects can influence the predicted extinction time. Together, our results highlight the potential importance of frequency-dependent growth rate data for understanding competing populations, both in the laboratory and as we translate adaptive therapy regimens to the clinic.